| Variable | (Group 1) Control group UACR (mg/gm) 4.93 ± 2.26 (n = 15) | (Group 2) Diabetics with normoalbuminuria UACR (mg/gm) 6.38 ± 8.42 (n= 16) | (Group 3) Diabetics with microalbuminuria UACR (mg/gm) 113.21 + 51.83 (n = 14) | (Group 4) Diabetics with macroalbuminuria UACR (mg/gm) 1812.6 + 2074.5 (n = 16) | P Value |
| Age in years | 50.67 ± 5.70 | 48.63 ± 16.78 | 56.21 ± 11.11 | 54.94 ± 7.42 | >0.05$ |
| Sex (M/F) (No and %) | 11/4 (73.3/26.7) | 12/4 (75/25) | 8/6 (57.1/42.9) | 7/9 (43.8/56.2) | >0.05# |
| Duration of DM (years) | - | 7.69 ± 4.66 | 10.36 ± 2.82 | 15.19 ± 5.32 | 0.01$ (<0.05##,+) (>0.05#) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.2 + 3.39 | 27.96 ± 7.34 | 28.53 ± 2.12 | 28.24 ± 3.45 | >0.05$ |
| MAP (mmHg) | 88.00 ± 6.88 | 100.21 ± 11.66 | 100.36 ± 10.24 | 100.52 ± 5.19 | 0.001$ (<0.05*,**,***,##) (>0.05#,+) |
| Fasting blood glucose (mg/dl) | 92.40 ± 2.47 | 147.12 ± 30.13 | 181.12 ± 49.83 | 166.31 ± 46.74 | 0.0001$ (<0.05*,**,***,#) (>0.05##,+) |
| HbA1c % | 4.88 ± 0.82 | 9.22 ± 3.50 | 6.82 ± 1.99 | 7.76 ± 3.60 | 0.001$ (<0.05*,**,***,#) (>0.05##,+) |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.7 ± 0.13 | 1.58 ± 0.88 | 1.98 ± 1.01 | 3.94 ± 1.84 | 0.0001$ (<0.05**,***,##,+) (>0.05*,#) |
| Urea (mg/dl) | 21.00 ± 2.20 | 37.56 ± 30.99 | 42.64 ± 28.89 | 74.81 ± 40.49 | 0.0001$ (<0.05***,##,+) (>0.05*,**,#) |
| Urinary creatinine (mg/dl) | 100.24 ± 29.42 | 76.87 ± 27.21 | 79.14 ± 24.85 | 75.63 ± 31.79 | 0.0001$ (<0.05*,**,***) (0.05#,##,+) |
| eGFR ( ml/min/1.73m2) | 93.89 ± 16.79 | 72.73 ± 59.84 | 46.32 ± 30.26 | 20.17 ± 16.01 | 0.0001$ (<0.05*,**,***,##,+) (>0.05#) |
| Log UNGAL/Creatinine ratio (Pg/mg) | 0.70 ± 0.58 | 1.71 ±1.06 | 1.57 ± 0.72 | 1.92 ± 0.63 | 0.0001$ (<0.05*,**,***) (>0.05#,##,+) |